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Plumbing License Maine: The Four-Rung Ladder and the Company License That No Longer Exists (2026)

Updated October 15, 2026
•The Licensing Company

Maine's four plumbing license types, the real fees and hour counts behind each one, and why no license attaches to a plumbing company anymore.

Maine licenses plumbers through a four rung ladder, Trainee, Journeyman in Training, Journeyman and Master, and one of those rungs is a trap for anyone who does not understand it before stepping on it. The Journeyman in Training license runs for a single nonrenewable four year period and can be issued to you exactly once in your life; miss the window and it does not come back.

That is the first thing most guides to Maine plumbing licensing skip. The second is bigger: Maine does not license plumbing companies at all. It licenses individuals. The statutory section that once covered corporations, firms and partnerships was repealed outright in 2017, and the definition of "master plumber" was amended in the same act to read "any individual qualified under this chapter." Everything a Maine plumbing business is legally allowed to do runs through a natural person holding a card.

At a glance

  • Who issues it: The Plumbers' Examining Board, inside the Office of Professional and Occupational Regulation (OPOR)
  • When it is required: Any individual engaged in plumbing or performing plumbing installations needs a license
  • Exam: Master is a 75% exam. Journeyman is a 70% exam
  • Fees: Trainee is $100 plus the $21 background check. Journeyman, Master and Journeyman in Training are each $200 plus $21
  • Time: A Journeyman in Training license runs for one nonrenewable 4 year term and may be issued only once to any individual

New to Maine licensing generally? Start with the Maine contractor license requirements for how the state's trades fit together, or see the broader contractor license picture for how Maine compares to other states.

This guide walks the whole ladder with the current fees the Plumbers' Examining Board charges, the current hour counts from Title 32, the passing grades set by statute, a step by step path for both routes into the trade, and the parts of the process that quietly void your exam score if you get the order wrong.

Who regulates plumbing in Maine

The Plumbers' Examining Board sits inside the Office of Professional and Occupational Regulation (OPOR) at the Department of Professional and Financial Regulation. Its governing law is 32 M.R.S. chapter 49, sections 3301 through 3507.

The board has five members appointed by the Governor to four year terms: one public member, three master plumbers, and by statute one of those three must belong to a bona fide labor organization, plus one local plumbing inspector with at least four years of inspection experience who is employed by a municipality (32 M.R.S. section 3401).

Board contact:

  • Mailing, Plumbers' Examining Board, 35 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333-0035
  • Courier / delivery, Department of Professional and Financial Regulation, 76 Northern Avenue, Gardiner, ME 04345
  • Email, plumbers.board@maine.gov
  • Phone, 207-624-8639
  • Online applications and renewals, the OPOR licensing portal, board number 4460
  • License lookup, OPOR's ALMS online database. Since March 1, 2019 the office no longer issues paper license verifications; the database is the primary source and updates in real time

Since January 1, 2024 the board has required every applicant to use the online system for licenses, exams and renewals. Applications sent by fax, mail or email after that date are not processed and are not returned to the applicant, even though some older board documents still carry a mailing address and a 2020 revision date.

The rule almost nobody states plainly: a license is required, and a municipality cannot add its own

Two provisions inside section 3302 shape the whole system.

A state license is required. "A license is required for any individual who is engaged in plumbing or performing plumbing installations." Unlicensed practice is handled under 10 M.R.S. section 8003-C (section 3304).

A municipality cannot require its own plumber's license. Section 3302(2) is explicit: a municipality may not require plumbers to be municipally licensed, nor may it issue a permit for any plumbing installation unless satisfied that the applicant complies with chapter 49.

That second half matters more than it looks. Maine towns are barred from layering a local plumber's license on top of the state one, but they are simultaneously told not to issue a permit unless they are satisfied you comply with chapter 49. The code enforcement officer is the checkpoint.

This is the mirror image of states like Nebraska or Montana, where the absence of a state license pushes everything down to city hall. In Maine the state card is the only card, and the town just verifies it.

The four exemptions from the plumbing license

Section 3302(1) carves out four situations, and each one is drawn narrowly.

  • Public utility employees, plumbing performed by regular employees of public utilities as defined in 35-A M.R.S. section 102, while working as such.
  • Fuel technicians, on a very short leash: plumbing by oil burner technicians and propane and natural gas installers licensed under chapter 139, but only for hot and cold water connections to existing piping in the same room where the installation occurs, and never beyond any existing branch connection supplying water.
  • The homeowner, plumbing done by a person in a single family residence that person occupies or will occupy as a bona fide personal abode, as long as the work conforms with board laws and rules.
  • Pump installers, with a tape measure: a pump installer licensed under section 4700-I(2) may run piping from the cold water distribution pipe at the pressure tank's main shut off valve to the existing water supply piping, but only if that piping sits in the same room as the tank, runs no longer than 15 feet, and never extends beyond an existing branch.

There is also a threshold exemption at the top of section 3302(1): a license is not required for any activity that does not itself require a permit under 30-A M.R.S. section 4215.

Maine plumbing license types at a glance

Every figure below comes from the board's own Individual Licenses page and from Title 32 chapter 49, both confirmed on 2026-10-15. Where the board page and the statute cover different pieces of the same license, the board publishes fees and hours while the statute sets the exam passing grade, both are cited.

License typeLicense feeBackground checkRenewal
Trainee Plumber$100.00$21.00Biennial, $100.00
Journeyman in Training$200.00$21.00None, single 4 year nonrenewable term
Journeyman Plumber$200.00$21.00Biennial, $200.00
Master Plumber$200.00$21.00Biennial, $200.00
License typeHours / education requiredExam passing grade
Trainee PlumberNone required to obtainNone, no exam required
Journeyman in TrainingSchool or apprenticeship route, see notes70% or higher (3501(2-B))
Journeyman PlumberTrainee or JIT route, see notes70% minimum (3501-A)
Master PlumberJourneyman or trainee route, see notes75% minimum (3501-A)

Notes on the hours column:

  • Trainee: employed by, or working for an entity that employs, a licensed master plumber.
  • Journeyman in Training: 1 year or 2 semesters at a board approved community college, or a 2 year CTE or registered apprenticeship program.
  • Journeyman, Route A: 2 years and 4,000 hours as a trainee under a master. Route B: 2,000 hours as a JIT, inside the 4 year JIT window.
  • Master, Route A: 1 year and 2,000 hours as a journeyman. Route B: 4 years and 8,000 hours as a trainee under a master.

Two things this table cannot show, because the board does not publish them anywhere: the exam application fee (see "The exam" below) and any continuing education hour count, because the Plumbers' Examining Board publishes none. The statutory ceiling bounding every figure above is set by section 3501-B: the Director of OPOR may set fees by rule, "except that the fee for any one purpose may not exceed $350 biennially."

Rung 1: Trainee Plumber

This is the entry point, and it requires no exam.

What it is. A trainee plumber is "any person who is engaged in assisting in making plumbing installations under the direct supervision of one or more licensed journeyman plumbers or licensed master plumbers, whether for the purpose of learning the trade or otherwise" (section 3301(6)).

How you get it. Under section 3501(3) the board may issue a trainee license without examination to a person who submits an application with the fee and shows satisfactory evidence that the person is employed by a licensed master plumber, or by an entity that employs one, and will assist that master plumber as a trainee.

Read that clause carefully, because it is the hinge of the whole Maine system. Your trainee license is tethered to a licensed master: either you work for one directly, or you work for a business that employs one. No master in the building, no trainee license.

What it costs. License fee $100.00, plus a criminal background check fee of $21.00. The term runs every two years from your first licensure date, and biennial renewal is $100.00.

The renewal cliff. A $50.00 late fee applies to licenses renewed up to 90 days after expiration. Past that, Trainee diverges from every other rung: anyone who submits a renewal application more than 90 days after expiration is subject to all requirements governing new applicants. There is no two year reinstatement path for trainees, and no $100 penalty fee option the way Master and Journeyman get.

The supervision cap. Section 3302(3): a master or journeyman plumber may not have more than three trainee plumbers working under that plumber's direct supervision at once. Three per supervising licensee is a hard statutory ceiling on how fast a Maine plumbing shop can staff up on unlicensed labor.

Rung 2: Journeyman in Training, the one shot, four year license

This is the rung that punishes carelessness, and it exists to reward schooling.

What it is. A journeyman in training is licensed "to assist in making plumbing installations under the direct supervision of a journeyman plumber or a master plumber," and may not act as or represent that the person is a journeyman plumber (section 3301(2-A)). You are not a journeyman, and you may not hold yourself out as one.

How you qualify. Per the board's own requirements, you need either completion of a plumbing course consisting of one year or two semesters at a board approved community college, or completion of a two year plumbing course at a career and technical education program approved under 20-A M.R.S. section 8306-B as a secondary student, or in a registered Department of Labor apprenticeship program, plus a passing grade of 70% or higher on the journeyman plumbers examination.

Yes, you sit the journeyman exam to get the in training license. Section 3501(2-B) says the same thing: the JIT license issues on evidence of the coursework plus a passing grade, as the board determines it, on the journeyman's examination.

What it costs. License fee $200.00 plus the $21.00 criminal background check fee.

The trap. A journeyman in training license is valid for a single nonrenewable period of 4 years and may be issued only once to any individual. The board states the term flatly as a 4 year nonrenewable license, and section 3504 confirms JIT licenses are not subject to the renewal section at all, because there is no renewal.

Four years, once, ever. That sets up the clock in the next rung.

Rung 3: Journeyman Plumber

What it is. A journeyman plumber is any person who customarily performs the work of installing plumbing and drainage under the employment and direction of a master plumber, or, not being a master plumber, does plumbing repair work as a regular part time occupation (section 3301(3)).

Two routes in, per section 3501(2) and the board's requirements page:

  • The trainee route, a minimum of two years with 4,000 hours of work in plumbing installations as a licensed trainee plumber under the supervision of a licensed master plumber, or the equivalent, plus a passing grade on the journeyman's examination.
  • The JIT route, a minimum of 2,000 hours of work in plumbing installations as a licensed journeyman in training under the supervision of a licensed master plumber, as long as that work experience lands inside four years of the date the JIT license was issued.

That second route is the payoff for going to school: half the hours. It is also where the four year clock bites. Your 2,000 hours must land inside the nonrenewable four year JIT window. Run out of window with 1,700 hours logged and you cannot get another JIT license; you are back to accumulating trainee hours toward the 4,000 hour route.

The passing grade. Section 3501-A: the passing grade on a journeyman plumber license examination may not be less than 70%. That is a statutory floor, not a board preference.

What it costs. License fee $200.00, criminal background check $21.00, term every two years from your first licensure date, biennial renewal $200.00.

Rung 4: Master Plumber

What it is. Post 2017, section 3301(5) defines a master plumber as any individual qualified under the chapter who is engaging in, or about to engage in, the business of installing plumbing or plumbing systems. The license must specify the name of the individual to whom it is issued.

The word "individual" replaced "person" in PL 2017, c. 210, Pt. D, section 1, part of the same act that repealed the corporations and firms section. That is not incidental drafting. Maine deliberately narrowed the master plumber license to a named human being.

Two routes in, per section 3501(2-A):

  • A minimum of one year with 2,000 hours of work in plumbing installations as a licensed journeyman plumber, or
  • A minimum of four years with 8,000 hours of work in plumbing installations as a licensed trainee plumber under the supervision of a licensed master plumber, or the equivalent.

And in either case, a passing grade on the master's examination.

Notice the asymmetry. One year as a licensed journeyman gets you to the master exam. Skipping the journeyman card costs four years and 8,000 trainee hours. The journeyman license is not a formality in Maine; it is roughly a four to one time discount on becoming a master.

The passing grade. Section 3501-A: the passing grade on a master plumber license examination may not be less than 75%. Master is a 75% exam, Journeyman is a 70% exam, two different statutory floors inside the same chapter, and neither carries over to the other.

What it costs. License fee $200.00, criminal background check $21.00, biennial renewal $200.00.

Step by step: both routes from zero to Master

There is no single path through Maine's ladder. Pick the route that matches whether you have access to schooling or to a master willing to hire you right away.

The trainee route (no school required, longer):

  1. Get hired by, or go to work for a business that employs, a licensed master plumber. This is the only door into a Trainee license.
  2. File the trainee application and the $100 license fee plus $21 background check fee with the board.
  3. Log 4,000 hours over at least 2 years as a trainee under direct master or journeyman supervision, capped at 3 trainees per supervisor.
  4. File the exam application, wait for board approval, then sit the journeyman exam and score at least 70%. Do not test before approval arrives; the score is void.
  5. Receive your Journeyman license, $200 fee plus $21 background check.
  6. Log at least 1 year and 2,000 hours as a licensed journeyman, file the master exam application, and after board approval score at least 75%. The other master route skips the journeyman card entirely and takes 4 years and 8,000 hours as a trainee under a master.
  7. Receive your Master Plumber license, $200 fee plus $21 background check. You can now be the named qualifying individual for a plumbing business.

The school / Journeyman in Training route (faster, needs coursework):

  1. Complete a board approved 1 year / 2 semester community college plumbing program, or a 2 year CTE or registered apprenticeship program.
  2. File the exam application, get board approval, then sit the journeyman exam and score at least 70%.
  3. Receive the Journeyman in Training license, $200 fee plus $21 background check. The clock starts now: 4 years, nonrenewable, once in your life.
  4. Log 2,000 hours under a licensed master's supervision before the 4 year JIT window closes.
  5. Apply for the full Journeyman license once you have held the JIT license at least one year and logged 2,000 hours, attaching an affidavit from your supervising master plumber attesting to the time and hours. The board's own FAQ describes this step as a license application with that affidavit and lists no second exam for it.
  6. From Journeyman, follow steps 6 and 7 of the trainee route above to reach Master.

The exam: Prov, and the sequencing rule that voids scores

Maine contracts its plumbing examinations to Prov. The exams are computer based. Within Maine, Prov operates five testing centers, in Auburn, Bangor, Calais, Portland and Presque Isle, and depending on your internet connection and computer, you may also be able to test by remote proctor from home.

Now the part that costs people their money and their morning: applicants must receive board approval prior to sitting for an examination, and examination scores of applicants who test before receiving that approval are null and void.

The order is fixed. You file an exam application first, with the application fee, through the OPOR online portal at board number 4460. Since January 1, 2024 the board has required the online system for all licenses, exams and renewals, and states that applications received by fax, mail or email will not be processed, even though some of its older pages still link a PDF form.

If the board approves your application, you get an email with the procedures for scheduling your appointment. Test before that approval lands and your score is void. Not delayed, void.

Statutorily, section 3501-A requires the application for examination to be in writing with the prescribed fee, and directs that examinations must be in whole or in part in writing and of a thorough and practical character commensurate with the responsibilities of the prospective license holder.

On the exam fee, the board's own Licensing, Individual Licenses and Examinations pages, all checked again on 2026-10-15, state that an application fee accompanies the examination application but do not publish a dollar amount for it anywhere. Figures that circulate on secondary sites could not be confirmed at the board, at OPOR, or in the statute, so we do not print one here. Confirm the current exam application fee with the board before you file.

What the statute does cap is the ceiling: section 3501-B allows OPOR's director to set fees by rule, except that the fee for any one purpose may not exceed $350 biennially.

All fees above are set by the board and by OPOR rule and are subject to change. Verify current amounts with the Plumbers' Examining Board before you file.

Renewals, late windows, and the military waiver

Licenses renew biennially based on your first licensure date, a rolling anniversary rather than a fixed statewide date. Everyone's expiration is different, which is exactly why people miss it.

The late structure, as the board states it:

  • Up to 90 days late, a $50.00 late fee, all license types.
  • More than 90 days but not more than 2 years (Master and Journeyman), renew by paying the license fee plus a $100 penalty fee.
  • More than 2 years late, subject to all requirements governing new applicants.
  • Trainee only, more than 90 days late goes straight to new applicant requirements. No two year corridor.

There is also a genuinely useful provision in section 3504 that almost nobody mentions. If you failed to renew because you were on active duty in the United States Armed Forces, and you apply within 90 days after separation under conditions other than dishonorable, the board must waive examination. That waiver is not available if you served more than four years, except where a mandatory provision required the longer service and you give the board satisfactory evidence.

Separately, OPOR runs a military credit pathway on the front end. If you have military experience and training in plumbing and want a Maine Master or Journeyman license, the office asks that you contact it before submitting an application so it can explain the process and help you prepare it: Catherine Carroll, 207-624-8605, or military.trades@maine.gov.

Continuing education. The board's licensing pages state no CE requirement for plumbers, and the Plumbers' Examining Board, unlike a number of other OPOR boards, maintains no continuing education page. Confirm with the board before assuming, but nothing in the published material imposes CE hours on a Maine plumbing license.

Two things Maine plumbers should know that are not on the licensing pages

Your license has to be in two places at once. Section 3501(4) requires every licensee to receive a license that must be publicly displayed at the principal place of business of the plumber, if any, plus a pocket card license that must be carried on the person and displayed at any time upon request. Wall and wallet.

The plumbing code cannot be swapped quietly. Section 3403-B directs the board to adopt a plumbing code, but adopting a national or international published plumbing code as a new code for Maine constitutes a major substantive rule and must receive affirmative action by the Legislature before adoption. Subsequent technical amendments are routine technical rules.

In practice, Maine's base plumbing code cannot be replaced by board rulemaking alone. Municipalities keep their own authority to adopt more restrictive ordinances under 30-A M.R.S. section 3001.

And state plumbing inspectors carry real teeth. Under section 3402 they hold powers within their counties similar to those a sheriff holds: issuing citations, serving summonses, investigating, and ordering corrections.

If an inspector finds an installation that does not comply with the adopted code, they may, with the local plumbing inspector's consent, order it removed or remedied, and the order must be complied with immediately. If an installation endangers other property or the public, the inspector may forbid use of the building by written order to vacate.

You have 7 days to appeal to the board, and 48 hours from receipt of a board order to petition the Superior Court under Rule 80B. The order is not stayed unless the court says so.

Pump work has its own penalty

If you install, alter, repair or replace a pump system without being licensed as chapter 49 requires, or in violation of the Maine Water Well Commission code of performance, section 3501(6) makes it a civil violation punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000. Homeowners working on their own bona fide abode are excepted, as is removing and replacing an existing pump for well inspection or test pumping where the pump and electrical system are not being modified.

Now the business question: who holds the license for the company?

Here is where Maine stops looking like most states.

There is no Maine plumbing company license. No firm license, no shop license, no establishment registration. 32 M.R.S. section 3507, "Corporations, firms and partnerships," was repealed by PL 2017, c. 210, Pt. D, section 7.

The board's licensing section offers exactly one category: individual licenses. Master, Journeyman, Trainee, Journeyman in Training. That is the complete list.

Which means the authority to run a plumbing business in Maine does not attach to your LLC. It attaches to a named master plumber. Section 3301(5) requires the license to specify the name of the individual to whom it is issued. Section 3501(3) requires a trainee to be employed by a licensed master plumber, or by an entity that employs one. The company is downstream of the person.

There is also no state general contractor license behind this to fall back on. LD 1226, a bill that would have created a Residential Construction Board and required a license, starting January 1, 2027, for residential general contracting above a $15,000 contract price, passed both chambers with majority and minority reports marked "Ought To Pass As Amended" in May 2025. Its fiscal note put the net General Fund cost at $620,126 in FY 2025-26, rising each year after. It died on adjournment on April 29, 2026 and never took effect. See our contractor license guide for how that fits the national picture.

Practically, that produces the situation that brings most Maine plumbing businesses to us: the entity is fine, the insurance is fine, the work is sold, and the one master plumber whose name makes the whole thing legal just gave notice, retired, or was never there in the first place. There is no corporate license to fall back on, because Maine repealed it.

We wrote up the full mechanics of that in Maine Licenses People, Not Companies, including what happened to the 2026 bill that would have created a state residential contractor license and why it never took effect.

If you need a licensed master to hold that position, that is what a qualifying agent is. A qualifying agent is the licensed individual, here a Master Plumber, who qualifies the company as an owner or full time W-2 employee who actually supervises the plumbing work. Start with What Is a Qualifying Agent for the role itself, see Hire a Qualifying Agent for how a placement actually works, and see our contractor qualifier services for how we support the company side of that relationship. Every qualifier we place is a W-2, full time employee of the company they qualify, the only structure that survives a rule like Maine's, where the license is personal and the employment relationship is what ties it to the business.

How much does it cost to get licensed in Maine?

Board side, the arithmetic is public and small. A trainee license is $100 plus the $21 background check. Journeyman, Master and Journeyman in Training are each $200 plus $21.

Renewals mirror the initial fees. Add the exam application fee, which the board does not publish a figure for, and any coursework you take.

What people usually mean when they ask, though, is what it costs to get a business legal in Maine, and that depends on things no fee schedule captures: whether you already have a master on payroll, how long your ladder is (one year as a journeyman versus four years and 8,000 hours as a trainee), whether you are also touching oil, propane or natural gas and need Fuel Board licensure on top, and how much revenue is sitting idle while you wait. Those variables are why the honest answer is per situation rather than a posted rate. If your business needs a named master plumber in place, call 615-219-2110 or start at Hire a Qualifying Agent.

Frequently asked

Does Maine have a state contractor license? No. Maine does not license general or residential contractors at the state level. A bill to create one, LD 1226, passed both chambers in 2025 and then died in the Senate at sine die adjournment on April 29, 2026 for lack of funding. It never took effect.

Home construction contracts over $3,000 in materials or labor still have to be in writing under 10 M.R.S. section 1487, with the down payment capped at one third of the contract price.

Can I get a Maine journeyman license without going to school? Yes, the trainee route: two years and 4,000 hours as a licensed trainee under a licensed master, plus the journeyman exam at 70% or better. School cuts the requirement to 2,000 hours through the Journeyman in Training license, but that license is one shot and four years.

How many trainees can one plumber supervise? Three. Section 3302(3) caps it at three trainee plumbers under any one master's or journeyman's direct supervision.

Do I need a separate license to work on oil or gas heating equipment? Yes, and it is a different board. The Maine Fuel Board licenses oil burner, solid fuel, propane and natural gas technicians separately. See HVAC License Maine for the full set; there are ten individual license types and no single "HVAC license."

Does my plumbing company need its own license? No, because Maine no longer issues one. Section 3507 was repealed in 2017. What the business needs is a licensed master plumber, by name.

Where do I verify a Maine plumber's license? OPOR's ALMS online database, board 4460. Paper verifications were discontinued March 1, 2019. General guidance on checking a license in any state is in How to Verify a Contractor License.

Does Maine offer plumbing license reciprocity? Yes, and by two routes. 32 M.R.S. section 3504-A says the board shall issue a Maine license to anyone who files a sworn application and holds a current license from another state or territory, as long as that jurisdiction's licensing and experience standards are at least equal to Maine's and it extends similar privileges to Maine licensees; the board may not deny the license because the applicant does not currently live in Maine. Separately, the board's own rules (Code of Maine Rules 02-395, Chapter 6) let it enter a formal reciprocal licensing agreement with another state's board, weighing the type of exam, the passing score, any exam waivers and how long those standards have been in effect, with an application, the application fee, the license fee, documentation of experience and a certified statement verifying the out of state license. The board's public pages do not list current ratified agreements under either route, so confirm your specific situation with the board before you count on it.

What is the exam application fee? The board does not publish a dollar figure for it on any of its public pages as of 2026-10-15. Confirm the current amount directly with the Plumbers' Examining Board before you file; the statute only sets a ceiling of $350 biennially for any one board fee.

Sources

Ready to solve the qualifier problem?

If your Maine plumbing business needs a licensed Master Plumber to hold the position, or your current qualifier just gave notice, call 615-219-2110 or start at Hire a Qualifying Agent. We place W-2, full time qualifying agents so the license and the business stay tied together the way Maine law requires.

Related reading

Fees, hour requirements and statutory citations in this guide were verified against 32 M.R.S. chapter 49 and the Plumbers' Examining Board's published licensing and examination pages on 2026-10-15. Board and vendor fees are set by the board and by OPOR rule and change without notice; verify current amounts with the Plumbers' Examining Board before filing.

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Disclaimer: This article is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice, licensing guidance, or an offer of services. Licensing requirements vary by jurisdiction. For specific compliance questions, contact The Licensing Company for a confidential consultation.

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